TAXONOMY & SYSTEMATICS
Lewisia Pursh
Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 360. 1814.
Benannt nach Meriwether Lewis, 1744-1809, American explorer.
Type: Lewisia rediviva. Pursh.
Synonyme nicht komplett.
Oreobroma T. Howell. 1893.
Erocallis P. A. Rydberg. 1906.
Lewiopsis tweedyi R. H. Govaerts. 1999.
Die Bearbeitung führte zu unterschiedlichen Resultaten (R. Elliot, J. E. Hohn, B. Mathew, B. L. Davidson).
Revision of the genus led to different results and opinions (R. Elliot, J. E. Hohn, B. Mathew, B. L. Davidson).
Laubwechselnd, mehrjährig, Pfahlwurzeln, mit oder ohne Stamm, Blätter variabel, fleischig, gezahnt bis gewellt, Blütenstand variabel, rispen - traubenartig, Blüten verschiedenfarbig, gelb, rosa, weiß, mit oder ohne Mittelstreifen, Samen ei-nierenförmig, glänzend, glatt, schwarz bis braun.
Deciduous, perennial, taproots, with or without stem, variable leaves, fleshy, serrate to wavy, inflorescence variable, panicle-grape like, flowers of varied colors, yellow, pink, white, with or without median stripe, seeds egg-kidney shaped, shiny, smooth, black to brown.
Vorkommen/Occurence:
Nordamerika. USA, Kanada, Mexiko.
24 Spezies einschließlich Subspezies in 7 Sektion gegliedert.
24 species including subspecies organized into 7 sections.
2 Varietäten wurden in den Subspezies Rang umkombiniert.
2 varieties were recombined into the subspecies rank.
Zwischenformen/Hybriden/Cultivars sind zahlreich publiziert.
Numerous hybrids and intermediate forms are published.
Key to the Subgenera and Sections of Lewisia nach B. Mathew 1989.
| 1 | Seeds with a prominent fleshy appendage (strophiole) | subgen. Strophiolum |
| Seeds without a fleshy appendage | (subgen. Lewisia) | |
| 2 | Sepals 2-9, papery, white or pink; pedicels jointed, allowing the whole flower to fall in fruit | sect. Lewisia |
| Sepals 2, green or purplish-tinged; pedicels not joined | 3 | |
| 3 | Flowers without a pedicel, the 2 bracts and 2 sepals thus touching | sect. Brachycalyx |
| Flowers with a pedicel, the 2 bracts and 2 sepalsthus separated | 4 | |
| 4 | Stem-leaves present, and well developed, opposite or whorle | 5 |
| Stem-leaves, if present, much reduced and usually alternate | 6 | |
| 5 | Leaves usually in whorls of 3; plant with +- globose tuber | sect. Erocallis |
| Leaves in pairs; plant with a fleshy branched root-stock | sect. Oppositifolia | |
| 6 | Plants evergreen (except L. congdonii), rather tall in flower with widely branched inflorescences and usulaly rather broad leaves (except L. leana) | sect. Cotyledon |
| Plants deciuous, low-growing with few-branched inflorescences and very narrow leaves | sect. Pygmaea |
Sektionen Lewisia nach B. Mathew.
Sektion Lewisia
Plants deciduous; pedicls jointed, the whole flower falling in the fruiting stage; sepals 2-9, scarious.
Pflanzen laubabwerfend sommergrün, Blütenstiel gegliedert, komplette Pflanze fällt in Fruchtphase, Kelchblätter 2-9, membranös.
Lewisia disepala
Lewisia maguirei
Lewisia redivivia ssp. redivivia
Lewisia rediviva ssp. minor
Sektion Brachycalyx B. Mathew
Plants deciduous, inflorescence 1-2 flowered; flowers sessile. The bracts and sepals touching.
Pflanzen laubabwerfend sommergrün, Blütenstand 1-2 blütig, Blüten ohne Stiel, Deckblätter und Blütenblätter enganliegend.
Lewisia brachycalyx
Lewisia kelloggii
Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii
Lewisia sacajaweana
Key Sektion Brachycalyx Wilson et al.
| 1 | Bracts more than 2, or distinctly separated from the 2 sepals | other sections |
| 1 | Bracts 2 and located immediately below the sepals, so sepals apparently 4 | 2 |
| 2 | Leaves oblanceolate, the tips tapered; flowers 3–6 cm in diameter, sepals and bracts entire) | Lewisia brachycalyx |
| 2 | Leaves spatulate, the tips rounded to emarginate; flowers usually 2–3 cm in diameter; sepals and bracts entire or toothed) | 3 |
| 3 | Teeth on each side of the sepals and bracts 0–5 (–7), usually lacking pink glands, located in only upper half | Lewisia sacajaweana |
| 3 | Teeth on each side of sepals and bracts (5–) 8–25, glandular, the teeth and/or glands extending well below the middle | Lewisia kelloggii |
| 4 | Longest leaves usually >4.5 cm (–10 cm) long, >1 cm wide; petals 2 or >2 cm long; range Placer County and north | Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii |
| 4 | Longest leaves usually <4.5 cm long, <1 cm wide; petals usually <2 cm long; throughout range of the species | Lewisia kelloggii ssp. kelloggii |
Sektion Cotyledon J. E. Hohn ex Mathew
Plants evergreen; inflorescences tall, much branched; leaves usually rather broad.
Pflanzen immergrün, Blütenstand groß sehr verzweigt, Blätter gewöhnlich eher breit.
Lewisia cantelovii
Lewisia columbiana
Lewisia columbiana ssp. rupicola
Lewisia columbiana ssp. wallowensis
Lewisia congdonii
Lewisia cotyledon
Lewisia cotyledon ssp. heckneri
Lewisia cotyledon ssp. howellii
Lewisia leeana
Sekion Pygmaea B. Mathew
Plants deciduous; flowers solitary or inflorescences few-branched; leaves usually rather narrow.
Pflanzen laubabwerfend sommergrün, Blüten einzeln oder Blütenstand leicht verzweigt, Blätter gewöhnlich eher schmal.
Lewisia longipetala
Lewisia nevadensis
Lewisia pygmaea
Lewisia stebbinsii
Sektion Oppositifolia B. Mathew
Plants deciduous: stem-leaves well developed. Borne in pairs; pedicels long and slender.
Pflanzen laubabwerfend sommergrün, Stielblätter gut entwickelt, paarweise, Blütenstiele lang und schlank
Sektion Erocallis B. Mathew
Plants deciduous, with a globoser tube; stem-leaves well developed, usually in a whorl of three.
Pflanzen laubabwerfend sommergrün, mit kugelförmiger Wurzelknolle, Stielblätter gut entwickelt, gewöhnlich als Dreierbündel.
Sektion Strophiolum J. E. Hohn ex B. Mathew
Seeds tuberculate with a prominent fleshy appendage.
Samen gewarzt mit prominentem fleischigen Anhang.
Alphabetische Auflistung der Arten:
Lewisia brachycalyx
Lewisia cantelovii
Lewisia columbiana ssp. columbiana
Lewisia rupicola ssp. rupicola
Lewisia wallowensis ssp. wallowensis
Lewisia congdonii
Lewisia cotyledon ssp. cotyledon
Lewisia cotyledon ssp. heckneri
Lewisia cotyledon ssp. howellii
Lewisia disepala
Lewisia kelloggii
Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii
Lewisia leeana
Lewisia longipetala
Lewisia maguirei
Lewisia nevadensis
Lewisia oppositifolia
Lewisia pygmaea
Lewisia redivivia ssp. redivivia
Lewisia redivivia ssp. minor
Lewisia sacajaweana
Lewisia stebbinsii
Lewisia triphylla
Lewisia tweedyi
Key to the Species of Lewisia nach B. Mathew 1989.
| 1 | Plant with +_ globose tuber; basel leaves not present at flowering time; stem-leaves in a pair or whorl of 3 | L. triphylla |
| Plants with elongated fleshy, usually branched root-stocks; basal leaves present at flowering time; stem leaves, if present, not paired or whorled (except in 7. L. oppositifolia) | 2 | |
| 2 | Leaves dying away at or soon after flowering time | 3 |
| Leaves in evergeen rosettes, not dying away in summer | 14 | |
| 3 | Bracts produced immetiately below the sepals with not intervening pedicels | 4 |
| Bracts carried some distance below the sepals, separated from the by a distinct pedicel | 5 | |
| 4 | Flowers 2-3 cm in diameter; sepals toothed, sometimes glandular; leaves spatulate, obtuse or retuse | L. kelloggii |
| Flowers 3-5 (-6) cm in diamter; sepals neither toothed not glandular; leaves oblanceolate; tapering at the apex | L. brachycalyx | |
| 5 | Sepals 2-9, papery, white or pinkish; in fruit, pedicel breking off with whole flower attached | 6 |
| Sepals 2, not papery, green or green sufufsed with purple; in fruit, pedicel not breaking off, but the old flowers remaining attached to the inflorescence | 8 | |
| 6 | Sepals 2; flowers solitary; petals 5-7 | L. disepala |
| Sepals 3-9; flowers 1-3; petals 7-19 | 7 | |
| 7 | Petals 7-9; bracts ovate to ovate-oblong; leaves narrowly oblanceolate; flattish | L. magurei |
| Petals 12-19; bracts subulate or linear-lanceolate: leaves + - terrete | L. rediviva | |
| 8 | Steam-leaves well developed, produced in 1-3 pairs | L. oppositifolia |
| Stem-leaves if present at all, alternate and usually much reduced | 9 | |
| 9 | Inflorescences 20-60 cm long, erect or suberect with many flowers in loose panicels; leaves oblanceolate, 10-50 mm wide | L. congdonii |
| Inflorescences at most 15 cm long, decumbent or suberect with 1-11 flowers; leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, spatulate, obovate or oblanceolate, usually less than 10 mm wide | 10 | |
| 10 | Leaves oblanceolate, obovate or spatulate, 3-11 (-20) mm wide; flowers c. 2 cm in diameter; petals rich carmine with a large white basal zone | L. stebbinsii |
| Leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate; 1-6 mm wide; flowers 0.9-4 cm in diamteer; petals white, pale pink or magenta but if richly coloured then flowers rather small (0.9-2 cm in diameter) and petals lacking a large white basal zone | 11 | |
| 11 | Flowers 2-4 cm in diameter, or if only 2-5 cm , the petals usually prue white and sepals not toothed: pedicels 1-4 cm in diameter long | 12 |
| Flowers 0.9-2 cm in diameter, but if 2 cm, the petals usually pale to deep pink or magenta and sepals toothed; pedicels 1.5-7 (-10) mm long | 13 | |
| 12 | Sepals green, entire or with a few obscure non-glandular teeth; petals usuallay pure white | L. nevadensis |
| Sepals strongly stained with purple, conspicuous glandular-dentate: petals usually very pale pink | L. longipetala | |
| 13 | Flowers usually 0.9-1.1 cm in diameter; sepals entire or slightly dentate | L. sierrae |
| Flowers usually 1.5-2 cm in diameter: sepals usually dentate, sometimes glandular-dentate | L. pygmaea | |
| 14 | Flowers 4-5.5 (-7) cm in diameter; bracts entire | L. tweedyi |
| Flowers 1-4 cm in diamter; bracts glandular-denticulate | 15 | |
| 15 | Leaves linear and +- terrete, only 2-3.5 mm wide | L. leana |
| Leaves +- flat or slightly chanelled on upper surface, spatulate, oblanceolate, obovate or linear, 3-40 mm wide | 16 | |
| 16 | Leaves 3-8 mm wide with smooth margins | L. columbiana |
| Leaves 5-40 mm wide with dentate or undulate margins bit if smooth-margined then 1 cm or more wide | 17 | |
| 17 | Flowers 2-4 cm in diameter; petals inkish purple, apricot, yellow or pinkish orange, often with a broad longitudinal stripe of colour | L. cotyledon |
| Flowers 1-1.5 cm in diameter; petals white or pale pink and finely veine darker but nor with a broad stripe of colour | 18 | |
| 18 | Leaves 5-17 mm wide, spatulate with a nearly orbicular blade, narrowed abruptly to the long-tapeing petiole; margins conspicuously buth rather finely dentate | L. cantilovii |
| Leaves 10-15 (-20) mm wide, narrowly obovate, narrowing gradually to the base; margins very coarsely triangular-dentate | L. serrata |
Literatur
Davidson, B. L. Roy (2000): Lewisias. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
Elliot, Roy, (1978): The Genus Lewisia. Aloine Society Working, Surrey.
Gray, A. (1886): Contributions to American Botany 1. Revision of some polypetalous genera and orders precursory to the Flora of North America. Proc. Acad. Arts 22: 270-306.
Hitchcock, C. L. et al. (1964): Portulacaceae. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest 2: 225-249.
Hochstaetter, F. (1980-2019): Expeditionen in Nord Amerika, Canada, Mexiko, Kanarische Inseln (La Gomera, Teneriffa, El Hierro, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, La Palma) und Madeira. Tagebuecher.
Hohn, J. E. (1975): Biosystematic studies of the Genus Lewisia section Cotyledon (Portulaceaea). Dissertation. University of Washington.
Jepson, W. L. (1914): Portulacaceae. A Flora of California. 1: 463-480.
Mathew, B. F. (1989): The genus Lewisia Royal Botanic Garden Kew, Richmond. GB.
Nyffeler, R. et al. (2008): Variations on a theme: repeted evolution of Succulent life forms in the Portulacineae (Caryophyllales). Haseltonia 14. 26-36.
Wilson, B.L. et al. (2005): Variation in Lewisia kelloggii (Portulacaceae) with description of a new species endemic to Idaho. Western North American Naturalist 65 (3). 345–358.